China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran form new alliance to end US sanctions!

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The alliance between China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran is driven by a combination of strategic, economic, and political factors. The main catalyst for this alliance is the US withdrawal from the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, also known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and the reimposition of crippling sanctions on Iran by the Trump administration in 2018. These sanctions have isolated Iran from the global financial system, deprived it of oil revenues, and pushed it to the brink of economic collapse. Iran has responded by resuming its nuclear enrichment activities, launching missile attacks on US and allied targets in the region, and supporting proxy groups in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Lebanon.


The US sanctions on Iran have also affected China and Saudi Arabia, two of Iran's major trading partners and oil customers. China, which is the world's largest oil importer and Iran's largest oil buyer, has been forced to reduce its oil imports from Iran and seek alternative sources, such as Russia and Saudi Arabia. However, China is also wary of becoming too dependent on Saudi Arabia, which is a close ally of the US and a rival of Iran. China is also concerned about the stability of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital waterway for global oil trade, which Iran has threatened to block or disrupt in case of a military conflict with the US or its allies.



However, Saudi Arabia has also realized that its reliance on the US for security and protection is not sustainable or reliable, especially after the US failed to respond decisively to the attacks on Saudi oil facilities in 2019, which were blamed on Iran. Saudi Arabia has also recognized that its confrontation with Iran is not only costly and dangerous, but also counterproductive, as it fuels sectarianism, extremism, and violence in the region. Saudi Arabia has also acknowledged that it needs to diversify its economy and reduce its dependence on oil, which is facing increasing competition from renewable energy sources and declining demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the global climate change agenda.


Therefore, China, Saudi Arabia, and Iran have decided to pursue a pragmatic and cooperative approach, based on mutual interests and respect, to overcome the challenges posed by the US sanctions and the changing geopolitical landscape. The alliance between these three countries is manifested in several ways, such as:


The China-Iran deal: In March 2021, China and Iran signed a 25-year strategic partnership agreement, which covers cooperation in various fields, such as trade, investment, energy, infrastructure, defense, security, culture, and education. The deal is estimated to be worth $400 billion, and it includes China's commitment to invest $280 billion in Iran's oil, gas, and petrochemical sectors, and $120 billion in Iran's transport and manufacturing sectors. The deal also involves China's provision of military and intelligence assistance to Iran, and Iran's participation in China's Belt and Road Initiative, a massive infrastructure and connectivity project that spans across Asia, Africa, and Europe.


The Saudi-Iran dialogue: In April 2021, Saudi Arabia and Iran initiated a secret dialogue, mediated by Iraq, to de-escalate tensions and explore areas of cooperation. The dialogue, which was confirmed by both sides in May 2021, covers issues such as the Yemen war, the Lebanon crisis, the Iraq situation, and the regional security architecture. The dialogue also aims to revive the JCPOA and lift the US sanctions on Iran, which would benefit both countries economically and politically.


The China-Saudi Arabia cooperation: In March 2021, China and Saudi Arabia held a high-level strategic dialogue, which resulted in the signing of several agreements and memoranda of understanding, covering cooperation in fields such as energy, trade, investment, health, culture, and tourism. The dialogue also reaffirmed the mutual support and respect between the two countries on issues such as sovereignty, territorial integrity, human rights, and regional stability. China and Saudi Arabia also agreed to enhance their coordination and cooperation on regional and international issues, such as the JCPOA, the Yemen war, the Syria conflict, and the Palestine-Israel peace process.


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